Tajweed Rules

Tajweed Rules 

Types of Hamzahs ·        The hamzahs in the Qur'an are either conjunctive [hamzah wasl] or disjunctive hamzah (hamzah qat'). 1/ Disjunctive: Disjunctive hamzah [Hamzah fasl] is the one which occurs at the beginning of a word, in connected speech and in writing. It is called disjunctive hamzah because it separates some letters from each other when it is pronounced. Disjunctive hamzah occurs either in initial, mid or in end position of the word. It occurs in nouns, verbs and particles. Disjunctive hamzah is always pronounced. 2/ Conjunctive: Conjunctive hamzah (Hamzah wasl) is the one which occurs at the beginning of a word. It is dropped in connected speech. It is called conjunctive hamzah because it leads to the pronunciation of the non-vowelled letter (saakin) occurring at the beginning of a word. The sign of conjunctive hamzah is the occurrence of a minute saad on the Alif. 2-a/ Fatah/a/: The conjunctive hamzah is pronounced with a (fataha) when it occurs at the beginning of the word in nouns made definite with al (definite article),Example: (Al-Hamdu Lillahi Rabi(a)l-`alamina(l)r-Rahmani(al) r- Rahim). 2-b/ Kasr/i/: It is pronounced with kasrah (i) when it occurs at the beginning of a verb with fataha [a] on its third letter or with kasrah (i) on its third letter or when it occurs in the infinitive of a past tense verb Example: (idfa' billati hiya ahsan) (irja ilayhim) (Istikbaran fil-ardi). N.B: Conjunctive Hamzah is clearly audible in seven nouns. These are (ibn, ibnah, imr'un, imra'tun, ithnayn, ithnatayn, ismun). The rule of pronouncing these nouns with an initial conjunctive hamzah is a compulsory kasrah (i). 2-c/ Dhamm/u/: The conjunctive hamzah is pronounced with dhammah (u) when it occurs at the beginning of an imperative verb with a compulsory dhammah (u) on its third letter Example: (id`u ila sabil Rabik - urqud bi rijlik). 2-d/ Deletion: The conjunctive hamzah is dropped (in pronunciation) in connected speech because the non-vowelled letter will depend on the preceding sound rather than on the hamzah. In the case of connected speech the conjunctive hamzah is not pronounced. When it occurs at the beginning of the word it is pronounced with fataha (a) or kasrah (i) or dhammah (u). When the conjunctive hamzah occurs within the word as in (wabil-haq, wallahi), it is never pronounced for it should not be pronounced independently under any condition. When conjunctive hamzah with a kasrah converges with an interrogative hamzah (Hamzah istifhaam), the conjunctive hamzah is dropped and the interrogative hamzah remains with fataha (a). This occurs in seven places in the Qur'an which are: First: Attakhaztum ( أتخذتم ) in verse: (aayah) ·        ) (قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْداً. Second: Attala ( أطلع ) in the verse: (aayah) ·        ) َ(أَطَّلَعَ الْغَيْبَ أَمِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدَاً Third: Aftra: ( أفترى ) in the verse: (aayah) ·         (أَفْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا). Fourth: Astfa ( أصطفى ) in the verse: (aayah) ·        ) أَصْطَفَى الْبَنَاتِ عَلَى الْبَنِين ( Fifth: Attakhadznaum ( أتخذناهم ) in the verse: (aayah) ·        . (أَتَّخَذْنَاهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا أَمْ زَاغَتْ عَنْهُمُ الْأَبْصَارُ). Sixth: Astakbarta ( استكبرت ) in verse: (aayah) ·         (أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ أَمْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْعَالِينَ). Seventh: Astaghfarta ( أستغفرت ) in the verse: (aayah) ·         (سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ)